Nursing and Care

Become a Home Health Care Nurse

admin — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 11:10:48 +0000

Home Health Care Nursing Information and Overview

Home health care is allowing the patient and their family to maintain dignity and independence. According to the National Association for Home Care, there are more than 7 million individuals in the United States in need of home health care nurse services because of acute illness, long term health problems, permanent disability or terminal illness.
Home Health Care Basics

Nurses practice in a number of venues: Hospital settings, nursing homes, assisted living centers, and home health care. Home health care nursing is a growing phenomenon as more patients and their families desire to receive care in their homes. The history of home health care stems from Public Health Nursing where public health nurses made home visits to promote health education and provide treatment as part of community outreach programs. Today academic programs train nurses in home care and agencies place home health care nurses with ailing individuals and their families depending on the nurse’s experience and qualifications. In many cases there is a shared relationship between the agency and the academic institution.

Many changes have taken place in the area of home health care. These include Medicare and Medicaid, and Long Term Care insurance reimbursement and documentation. It is important for the nurse and nursing agency to be aware of the many factors involved for these rules and regulations resulting from these organizations. Population and demographic changes are taking place as well. Baby boomers approaching retirement and will present new challenges for the home health care industry. Technology and medical care in hospitals has lead to shorter inpatient stay and more at-home rehabilitation. Increases in medical outpatient procedures are also taking place with follow-up home care. This has resulted in the decrease of mortality rate from these technologies and medical care has lead to increases in morbidity and chronic illness that makes the need for home health care nursing a greater priority.

Home Health Care Nurse Job Description

Through an array of skills and experience, home health care nurses specialize in a wide range of treatments; emotional support, education of patients who are recovering from illnesses and injury for young children and adults, to women who have experienced recent childbirth, to the elderly who need palliative care for chronic illness.

A practicing nurse must have the skills to provide care in a unique setting such as someone’s home. The nurse is working with the patient and the family and must understand the communication skills for such dynamics. Rapport is evident in all nursing positions, but working in a patient’s own living space needs a different level of skill and understanding. There is autonomous decision making as the nurse is no longer working as a team with other nurses in a structured environment, but is now as a member of the “family” team. The host family has cultural values that are important and are different for every patient and must be treated with extreme sensitivity. Other skills include critical thinking, coordination, assessment, communication, and documentation.

Home health care nurses also specialize in the care of children with disabilities that requires additional skills such as patience and understanding of the needs of the family. Children are living with disabilities today that would have resulted in mortality just twenty years ago. Genetic disorders, congenital physical impairments, and injury are just a few. Many families are familiar with managing the needs of the child, but still need expert care that only a home health care nurse can provide. It is important that a home health care nurse is aware of the expertise of the family about the child’s condition for proper care of the child. There are many complexities involved, but most important, a positive attitude and positive reinforcement is of utmost importance for the development of the child.

Medication coordination between the home health care nurse, doctor, and pharmacist, ensures proper management of the exact science behind giving the patient the correct dose, time of administration, and combinations. Home health care nurses should be familiar with pharmacology and taught in training about different medications used by patients in the clinical setting.

Many advanced practicing nurses are familiar with medication regiments. They have completed graduate level programs. Home health care agencies believe that a nurse should have at least one year of clinical experience before entering home health care. Advanced practicing nurses can expedite that training by helping new nurses understand the home health care market and teaching.

Employment and Salary

According to the United States Department of Labor, there were 2.4 million nurses in America, the largest healthcare occupation, yet many academic and hospital organizations believe there is a gross shortage in nursing staff. The shortage of nurses was 6% in 2000 and is expected to be 10% in 2010. The average salary for hospital nursing is ,450 with 3 out of 5 nursing jobs are in the hospital. For home health care, the salary is ,000. For nursing care facilities, they were the lowest at ,200.
Training and continuing education

Most home health care nurses gain their education through accredited nursing schools throughout the country with an associate degree in nursing (ADN), a Bachelor of Science degree in nursing (BSN), or a master’s degree in nursing (MSN). According to the United States Department of Labor, in 2004 there were 674 BSN nursing programs, 846 ADN programs. Also, in 2004, there were 417 master’s degree programs, 93 doctoral programs, and 46 joint BSN-doctoral programs. The associate degree program takes 2 to 3 years to complete, while bachelors degrees take 4 years to complete. Nurses can also earn specialized professional certificates online in Geriatric Care or Life Care Planning.
In addition, for those nurses who choose to pursue advancement into administrative positions or research, consulting, and teaching, a bachelor’s degree is often essential. A bachelor’s degree is also important for becoming a clinical nurse specialist, nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners (U.S. Department of Labor, 2004).
All home health care nurses have supervised clinical experience during their training, but as stated earlier advanced practicing nurses hold master’s degrees and unlike bachelor and associate degrees, they have a minimum of two years of post clinical experience. Course work includes anatomy, physiology, chemistry, microbiology, nutrition, psychology, and behavioral sciences and liberal arts. Many of these programs have training in nursing homes, public health departments, home health agencies, and ambulatory clinics. (U.S. Dep. of Labor, 2004).

Whether a nurse is training in a hospital, nursing facility, or home care, continuing education is necessary. Health care is changing rapidly and staying abreast with the latest developments enhances patient care and health procedures. Universities, continuing education programs, and internet sites, all offer continuing education. One such organization that provides continuing education is the American Nurses Association (ANA) or through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).
Conclusion

There are many rewards to becoming a home health care nurse. Some rewards include the relationship with a patient and their family, autonomy, independence, and engaging in critical thinking. The 21st Century brings with it many opportunities and challenges. We must meet these challenges head on – there is an aging baby boomer population, a growing morbidity factor due to increased medical technology and patient care, and the growing shortage in nursing care.

Becoming a home health care nurse today is exciting and an opportunity to make a difference one life at a time. With clinical experience and proper education, a home health care nurse will lead the future of medical care.

All About Per Diem Nursing Jobs

admin — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 11:10:41 +0000

Nursing is a vast career that provides variety of job opportunities to those who adopt nursing as a profession. It is exciting as well as heartwarming to know that you are serving human kind as a profession. Most nursing jobs allow the nurse to keep on traveling and visit different places because of their work requirement. Yet, it can sometimes become hectic being at work all the time and you have no say of your own in deciding your working hours or shift durations.

The nursing sector has an answer to this problem and it’s called per diem nursing. The advantage of per diem nursing is that it allows you to manage your working schedule as you want. It is a non contract job that lets you decide your own working hours and schedule while you’re still being paid a good salary.

To work as a per diem nurse, you should be associated with reputable medical and nurse staffing agencies. There are nurse requirements on daily basis and once signed up with these medical staffing agencies, they can get you temporary jobs and nursing assignments at hospitals or healthcare clinics. Usually nurses who sign-up for these positions work in an on-call manner on weekly basis.

Per Diem nurses are also responsible for filling in for any sick or unavailable hospital staff member. Though, there are everyday needs of such nurses, yet there is no surety that a per diem nurse would be called for work on regular basis. Sometimes, the nurse may never get a call at all for a long time. The assigned jobs of a per diem nurse can be mostly part time while sometimes they may be full time.

Working with a day to day basis nursing career, it doesn’t necessarily mean that you may only be associated with a single work place. Per Diem nurses can work at multiple different hospitals and health clinics in a particular locality. Sometimes while working as per diem nurse, you may also have the option of working as special nurses such as intensive care nurse, cardio wards nurse, etc or may choose to remain a general per diem nurse.

Per Diem nursing brings with it, its own perks. Such nurses have complete freedom of choosing their work hour as per their liking and availability. They can also choose the locality and region where they want their next assignments to come from. This provides them with the luxury of travelling at places which is a great bonus for people who like to travel a lot. They can also take long holidays and enjoy vacations whenever they like and come back to work on their own choice.

Per Diem nursing jobs are hugely in demand and as the shortage of nursing staff continues, their scope increases furthermore. Thus, this flexible nursing job might be an ideal profession for most of you, who like to work on their own terms.

BREAKING NEWS: THE ?GREEN HOUSE?

admin — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 11:10:34 +0000

The U.S. Census Bureau reports that there are 306 million Americans, 78.2 million of whom—more than one-quarter—are Baby Boomers. The oldest Boomers began turning 60 on New Year’s Day, 2006, slightly more than 40 months ago. The generation that sincerely believed that it would never grow old is doing precisely that.
This generation, “the pig moving through the python”–a disparaging reference to its size–is both the largest in American history and the first to have significant responsibilities for its aging, frequently infirm, parents’ needs—housing, healthcare, insurance, end-of-life planning, and a lot more.
As we Boomers school ourselves about caregiving options for our parents, most of us ought to be thinking about our own advancing age and figuring out how we’re going to pay for our care. We may consider nursing homes, assisted living facilities, or an alternative that will enable us to continue to live at home and receive the care we’ll need, such as InHomeHealthCareor AdultDayCare. But it’s a demographic inevitability that as life expectancies continues to extend, we’re going to need help with basic daily functions—dressing, bathing, cooking, to name a few—perhaps for decades.
How will Boomers select OUR senior housing? Proponents of “generational marketing” believe that generational values drive product marketing, and that each generation has unique values that are determined by their life experiences, lifestyles and social values. Baby Boomers are routinely characterized as the “me generation,” the most egocentric in history. This is the generation, after all, that grew up believing that the economic prosperity that existed after World War II would continue indefinitely. “Shop ‘till you drop,” and “He who dies with the most toys wins!” are slogans that are claimed to reflect Boomers’ values and buying habits.

On the other hand, Baby Boomers are also the “Woodstock Generation,” an age group that raged against their parents’ attitudes and mores, embracing the “hippie” lifestyle of “sex, drugs, and rock ‘n roll.” Many of them rejected the traditional family formation and structure, opting instead for informal, even communal, living arrangements, often seeking self-sufficiency by “living off the land.”

It is this latter modality that has gotten increasing traction as Boomers age. After decades of indulging every shameless, greedy impulse, our generation seems to want to age gracefully and adopt healthy lifestyles. Health, wellness and sustainability have become compatible and complementary to us.

As a result, it may be no surprise that the “greenest” Americans are the oldest Americans. As reported by WSL Strategic Retail (http://www.wslstrategicretail.com) a research firm that provides marketing information to retailers and manufacturers, fully 85 percent of those over 55 try to conserve energy or use natural products, for example, compared to only 65 percent of Americans under age 35.

The emerging model of elder living for Boomers. In 2002, Dr. William Thomas began to develop an alternative to traditional nursing home care that he called the “Eden Alternative.” Here’s how he describes his motivation for changing the culture of nursing facilities:

“I went to the nursing home and sat. Yes, I just sat and watched. . . . I was just observing. I sat in the lobby. I sat in the dining room. I sat in the solarium. What I saw was something I had been too busy to see before. What I saw were the elders suffering – not from the physical ailments that brought them to the nursing home, but from plagues of the human spirit. I saw patients suffering and dying from loneliness, helplessness, and boredom.
“I knew that I had to do something. This brought me to the story of Eden. Every child in America knows this story of world-making. Yes, I thought, ‘Human beings were not meant to live in a cold, sterile environment. They were meant to live in a garden. That is a true human habitat. We must create a place for our elders that is much more like a garden – the Garden of Eden!”
Dr. Thomas developed the Green House® model, a small, “intentional” community that is a radical departure from the traditional nursing home or assisted living facility. This model changes the size of the facility, its interior design and staffing patterns, and, most important, the methodology for delivering services. The Green House website (http://www.thegreenhouseproject.org) describes this approach as “a place where elders can receive assistance and support with activities of daily living and clinical care, without the assistance and care becoming the focus of their existence.”
The Green House serves six to ten elders, blending architecturally with neighboring homes. Each resident has a private room or unit with a private bathroom. The rooms are bathed with sunlight and are organized around a hearth, an open kitchen and dining area. They’re intended to look and feel like a home, with few medical signposts. The floorplans, décor and furnishings provide a sense of warmth, while the use of smart technology (e.g., computers, wireless pagers, electronic ceiling lifts, and adaptive devices) demonstrates sustainable, “green” practices.

Equally important, residents are not subject to the limitations of the typical institutional schedule. They sleep, eat, and participate in activities according to their own schedules. Meals are prepared in the open kitchen and served at a large dining table where staff, elders and visitors enjoy nutritious food and good conversation with people who care about each other.

San Diego In home care- The best Care takers of your elderly

admin — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 11:10:24 +0000

Well, elder care homes are not for everyone. Some seniors prefer to stay in their own homes and loads of thanks to home healthcare services like San Diego in home care they can now do so safely, securely, peacefully and most importantly happily. Nowadays the awareness among the senior community is more than ever before. They are smart enough to search through the Internet to find a better option for them. Today’s elder community wants to reside in their homes and wishes for peaceful as well as an independent life. Fortunately, there are senior care services like San Diego Home Health care to provide the highest-quality service and all levels of quality care and make them to feel like home.

are famous for providing quality and personalized care for the elderly of all ages and physically challenged as well. The services of San Diego Assisted living placement include personal care, professional nursing, hospital services, long-term assisted living care facilities, Alzheimer’s care, homemaking, dementia care and so on. San Diego In home care operates 24×7 and is well equipped with skilled clinicians, licensed vocational nurses, caregivers, nurses and other health professionals. San Diego In home care services are exclusively designed with the objective to house patients, elderly people in a safe and secure manner.

Depending upon the health factors of each and every elder individual, the type of care they seek differs. Some people require only a very short-term care due to selective reasons like surgery or other illness while others needed to take complete bed rest by remaining in a same place. are created in order to meet your specific needs and to deliver quality elderly care and compassionate support, when you want them in the comfort of your own home and community. holds the pride to be one of the most trusted and respected elder care homes. With the only objective of providing good care, the employees are made to undergo a thorough background check of criminal records and are trained well through comprehensive training. In San Diego In home care, there are more than 1200 Case Managers, Discharge Planners and Social Workers to provide home care support services to the senior people and the patients.

LEGAL TIPS FOR NURSES

admin — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 11:10:16 +0000

Nurse Practice Act

You can obtain ac copy of the Nurse Practice Act from your State Board of Nursing. This is the standard that will be used if a malpractice suite is filed. Become familiar with the acts and duties in your area of practice. These will vary from state to state.

Policy and Procedure Manuals

Become familiar with the general nursing manual as well as any that pertain to your specific area of practice. If your hospital’s policy differs from the Nurse Practice Act, follow the guidelines of the Nurse Practice Act. Note: if there is ever a negative outcome, the licensed nurse will be judged by the standard of the Nurse Practice Act.

Insurance

There are two types of insurance:

Occurrence Type: The company that covered you during the period of the occurrence will be responsible for damage and expenses.

Claims Type: The company will cover any claims made while the policy is in effect, no matter when the occurrence happened.

Education

Continuing education is a necessity. It keeps you informed of the most current changes and innovations in your specialty area, it is an area that attorneys will investigate if a claim is filed.

License and certification must remain current at all times. This is another area that attorneys will investigate if a claim is filed.

Terms to Become Familiar With

Negligence: failure to act as a reasonably prudent person would act under the same circumstances – failure to do something.

Malpractice: negligence by a professional.

Assault: threat or attempt to inflict bodily harm combined with the ability to commit the act.

Battery: intentional harmful or offensive contact that occurs without consent (use of restraints with out an order or a written policy of protocol).

Libel: publication of defamatory statements.

Slander: oral defamatory statements

Statute of Limitations: there are periods defined by state statute during which you may file a claim or it is forever barred.

Informed Consent: Permission given for a proposed treatment or procedure following full disclosure of risks, benefits and alternatives by the physician – when you are asked to sign your name as a witness on the consent from. Remember you are a witness to the patient’s signature only.

Physician Orders:

Telephone Orders: Repeat each order t verify what you heard is what was ordered. Never assume.

Illegible Orders: Ask the physician for the interpretation. Do not guess.

Inappropriate Orders: Remind the physician of the policy and standards. If the physician insists that the order be completed, contact he supervisor immediately

Documentation Tips and Practices:

• Be accurate

• Use only approved abbreviations (found in the Policy and Procedures Manual).

• If you make a mistake, draw a single line through it and write “mistake in entry” followed by your initials.

• Document calls to doctors. Record the time the call was placed as well as when the call was returned.

• Document all teaching done with the patient and the patient’s family.

• Document the review of “discharge instructions” including the review of any medications prescribed and any handouts provided.

• Record effects of medications as well as the des, time, route and reactions.

• If anything out of the ordinary occurs, record all pertinent information.

• If you perform a procedure on a patient assigned t another nurse, you must document your actions in the patient’s chart.

How to Find Registered Nursing Jobs as Quickly as Possible

admin — Sat, 26 Feb 2011 06:43:46 +0000

If you are looking for registered nursing jobs, there are many different methods that you can use depending on the type of nursing jobs you are interested in. By using more than one method you will have a better chance of finding job openings that will be fun and rewarding rather than picking one that may be what you are looking for.

One of the best ways to find registered nursing jobs is to visit the guidance department or career counselor at the school you have gone to. Many facilities that have openings for registered nursing jobs may advertise at schools in the area. Many facilities contact schools looking to fill entry level positions rather than registered nursing jobs that are senior level positions. The good thing with applying for a position through a school is that the guidance or career department may also be able to help you with other aspects of your job search. They may be able to help you improve the way your resume is written or give you tips and tricks that will help you have a much better job interview.

Employment agencies may also help you find registered nursing jobs as well. These may be jobs at a single place of employment or they may be travel nurse jobs where you will be moving from facility to facility as a way of filling job shortages. There are many travel nurse jobs available for recent graduates to choose from.

The internet can be a fantastic place to find permanent or travel nurse jobs as well. You may be able to find job openings for permanent or travel nurse jobs that are located further away than you would be able to if you were not searching online. You may also be able to find more information on an employer that is offering permanent or travel nurse jobs. This information may be just what you need in order to figure out which position will be rewarding and which may not give you the money, responsibility or work experience that you are looking for.

You will have the best chance of finding permanent or travel nurse jobs if you are looking for a more general kind of position. For example, you may want to work as an ER nurse, but may be unable to find such a position. If you are willing to work as a hospital nurse in another department, you may be able to start getting the work experience you need and eventually transfer from that other department into the emergency room. You may also find it easier to find a short term position or one that is not strictly full time.

If you don’t mind moving from place to place, a position with a travel nurse agency may be a good idea. These agencies will place you in facilities that need help combating staffing shortages and will help to ensure that you are working constantly rather than sporadically.

Autism Learning Disability Sleep

admin — Sat, 26 Feb 2011 05:51:29 +0000

Lack of sleep can effect the functioning of a person as well as carers.

There are many factors that can effect sleep patterns for people on the Autism Spectrum and LD. This article is a collection of advice and strategies from a variety of sources.

Sleep associations

These are the mind and bodys way of telling us when it is time to sleep. Each of us has there own associations e.g lights on/off, cocoa before bed etc.. Often how we go to sleep will determine if we have difficulty going back to sleep if we wake. It is not advisable if you wake during the night to fall asleep with the TV on. The sleep association will be with the TV therefore you may need the TV back on in the middle of the night to fall back to sleep. People with Autism/LD are no different however there may be other factors to consider.

Distancing approach

When a child/person has difficulties settling to Sleep one way maybe to sit with them. This would serve as a comfort but also to remind them it is time to sleep. When sitting by them do not stimulate conversation but say’time to sleep….’ At first it may take some time before the person settles however with consistency this should decrease. This of course creates a sleep association so the next steps are to withdraw from the bedroom (slowly) step by step to eventually out of the room.

Structure/Routine

Sleep can be disturbed due to a lack of routine and structure. For some people on the Autism Spectrum/LD who rely on structure for security and to make sense of the world changes can have a great effect on sleep patterns.

Advice

Have the same routine that everyone follows. Stick to it at the weekend and even when on holiday as people with AS/LD can find it hard to accept changes to routines. A visual/picture timetable may be useful as it shows clearly what the evening routine is. For example the routine could be as follows:

Meal-Activity-Bath-Clean teeth-Toilet-Bed time

This timetable could be placed somewhere that is easily accessed.

Each step could have a symbol which can removed as each task is finished. (perhaps put it in an envelope).

A speech and language therapist or teacher could help parents/carers to access the symbols or go to the local library and access ‘Boardmaker’ software on the computer.

Communication-Social Stories

This is an approach that can help people with AS/LD to understand the ‘social rules’ regarding sleep, for example, that everyone needs to sleep, where to sleep, when to get up. Some people with AS/LD who have all consuming interests may want to stay up all night engaging in them.

A speech and language therapist or teacher may help you develop a social story.

Communication-Objects of Reference

These are everyday objects that can help people with a learning disability communicate their needs/choices, particularly if they are non verbal.

For example a photo of their bed/bedroom, a certain blanket or cuddly toy could be introduced. Whenever you are prompting a person to go to bed, show them the object as you say the word/make the sign. Over time they will use that object to indicate that they want to go to bed, or realise that this object indicates what is happening next.

Continence

If someone has continence difficulties either being incontinent at night or being constipated this will effect sleep.

Advice-

Try to encourage the person to use the toilet during the evening before bed. Assess their bowel movements for constipation. You may need further advice when there is waking due to being wet or soiled.

Environmental and sensory needs

Many people with AS/LD are sensitive to their environments. It worth doing an environmental and sensory needs assessment when considering sleep, to find out what preferences are.

A Learning Disability Nurse or Occupational Therapist could help you

Overstimulation

Around an hour before bed begin to ‘wind down’. Turn off the T.V./music (that is stimulating), avoid lively play, and dim the lights.

Hearing/noise sensitivity

Consider using thick carpets that deaden noises. Shut their bedroom door and have their bedroom in a quieter part of the house. Consider noises from the bathroom and the position of a bed in the room can be important, avoid it being near pipes, the bathroom or looking out over a busy, noisy street.

A ‘white noise’; for example humming or a radio tuned out can help others to settle.

Vision sensitivity

Use neutral colours that are not too intense or loud. Plain or pastel coloured walls and carpets, avoid patterns, stripes. Avoid visual displays on the walls. Keep the room clutter free; remove toys/TV/play station/Wii etc. The bedroom should be for sleep only not for play.

Use black out blinds/curtains/shutters to block out the light if a child has hypersensitivity to light. If a child is frightened of the dark introduce a night light. If ‘switch flicking’ is a problem remove the light bulb or consider having the switch moved to outside the bedroom door.

Smell sensitivity

Consider using odourless non toxic paints/wall paper paste. Avoid strong smelling air fresheners and cleaning materials.

Touch sensitivity

Think about whether your child prefers deep pressure when being touched. If so they may need heavy/weighted blankets tightly tucked in to feel secure. Others may need lighter bed clothing if they are hypersensitive to touch. Looking at bedding materials that may irritate.

Temperature

Try to keep the bedroom at a constant temperature that is comfortable for your child. Perhaps use a thermostat.

Spacial sensitivity

Keep furniture to a minimum and have it placed around the edges of the room in smooth lines. Avoid objects in the centre or in walkways. If furniture needs to be moved do it gradually. Don’t change too many things at once.

Involve everyone in planning for any changes and warn them that it is going to happen. Discourage bouncing on the bed; instead introduce a trampoline in another part of the home.

Food and allergies stimulation

Look at diet. If they are eating and drinking foodstuffs that have a lot of sugar, caffeine or additives their sleep can be affected. Avoid these all together if possible but definitely not around bedtime.

If all else fails -Melatonin?

Melatonin (sleep hormone) can be irregular for some people with AC and learning disability for various reasons. The use of melatonin as a short term method of helping to instigate a sleep routine may be helpful. It could be used in alongside behavioural approaches described above.

Some foods have melatonin in such as plums, bananas and Brazil nuts. However, no research into the potential benefits of a diet that is high in melatonin and the effect on sleep has been carried out yet.

Relaxation techniques

Massage can be helpful in reducing activity levels but this depends on individual’s sensitivity.

Lavender oil drops on the pillow can help to encourage relaxation and sleep but again sensitivity and seizures need to be considered.

Relaxation music or tapes can be helpful for some people with AS.

Some other General advice

What to do if your Child gets out of bed

When young children move from sleeping in a cot to sleeping in their own bed they may need help to learn to stay in bed.

Waking in the night and coming into the parents’ bed is also a common problem in young children. 30 to 40 percent of children aged two to five get up at night on a regular basis. They may express fears of the dark, ghosts or monsters.

What to do.

Stay calm and return your child to their own bed. If necessary pick them up and carry them. Do this as many times as needed. Do not take a child into your bed as this is likely to perpetuate the behaviour.

If your child comes into your room at night because they are worried about whether you are there, take them back to their room and reassure them briefly that you will be there and will see them in the morning and leave the room. Be calm and firm. Do not be angry with your child or provide too much attention e.g. cuddles. Any positive or negative attention is likely to reinforce the behaviour pattern.

If your child has nightmares, turn on the light briefly and show them how familiar their room is. Reasssure them that everyone has dreams sometimes and that they are not real. Do not take them into your room to comfort them so that they learn to handle their fears in their own bed.

Early Waking

By 5am a person will have completed most of his/her nights sleep.

At this early hour the desire to sleep is less strong than at bedtime or earlier in the night. Some children, now sleeping more lightly, will wake if there is a mild disturbance e.g. light entering the room, early rising family member, traffic noise etc If interruptions are frequent enough your child will learn to anticipate them and may start to wake spontaneously or as a habit before dawn. The problems are best solved by reducing disturbing factors.

If early waking continues then delay your response to your childs awakening. If your child is crying and unhappy then he/she is still likely to be in a night time sleeping rhythm and needs to learn the habit of going back to sleep. Go into their room, tuck him up and say, “Go to sleep” and leave the room. Return at 10-15 minute intervals and repeat the same message. If you are consistent in doing this, after a week or so, your child should start to sleep a little longer.

Do not reward early waking with milk/bottle/drink, food. play, attention or coming into your bed. This will then become a long term early waking habit.

Early waking can be tricky. Some children are early wakers despite all efforts to modify their sleep pattern but most can learn to sleep a little longer. If your child is already getting an adequate number of hours of sleep, then consider delaying bedtime by thirty to sixty minutes. For some parents it may be you will have be up earlier than you might like for a few months until your child extends his/her sleep pattern.

Once you have reassured your child, leave their room. Ignore crying and protests. Return them to their bed without speaking if they continue to get out of bed. You might want to calmly close their door and to open it once they are in bed and quiet for two minutes.

Consider a reward programme. Give your child a sticker for each night that they stay in their own bed. Stickers could be traded in for a small treat at the end of the week.

During the day, help your child to feel secure and loved through praise and encouragement. They might want to draw a picture of a scary dream or to come up with an alternative happy ending. You might want to repeat that dreams are not real and to talk about what to do to get back to sleep if a dream wakes them up. For example teach them to think of a place where they feel happy and safe when they are going back to sleep. Try to have these conversations in the daytime and keep interaction down to a minimum at night so they are not rewarded with your attention.

‘Sleep deprivation is used as effective torture in some parts of the world’

Good luck

References:

Andrews.C-(2009) – Sleep Problems with Children with ASC , NHS Leeds (unpublished)

. O- (2003) -Sensory Perceptual Issues in Autism: Different Sensory Experiences – Different Perceptual Worlds, London. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Gray.C (2000) The New Social Story Book, Illustrated Guide, Future Horizons, USA

National Autistic Society (2004), Helping your child with autism to sleep better. (This leaflet can be downloaded from their website )

Nguyen.A (2006), Creating an autism-friendly environment,London. The National Autistic Society.

Sussman. F, (2004), More Than Words-helping parents promote communication and social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. The Hannan Centre, Canada.

Stephen Simpson RNLD BPhil (Autism)

Job Satisfaction of University Employees

admin — Fri, 25 Feb 2011 19:23:02 +0000

Background of the Study:

Job satisfaction is the result of various attitudes possessed by an employee towards his job. These attitudes may be related to job factors, such as wage, job security job environment, nature of work, opportunities for promotion, prompt removal of grievances, opportunities of participation in decision making and other fringe benefits. Job satisfaction may thus be defined as an attitude which results from a balancing and summation of many specific like and dislikes experienced by an employee in the performance of his job; or an employee’s judgment of how well his job, on the whole, provides opportunities to satisfy his needs. It refers to one’s job, his general adjustment and social relationship in and outside his job. This satisfaction and dissatisfaction with one’s job depends upon the positive or negative evaluation of one’s own success or failure in the realization of personal goals and perceived contribution of the job to it.

Universities are the center for imparting higher Education. Universities in the modern world are expected to seek and cultivate new knowledge ,provide the right kind of leadership in all walks of life and strive to promote equality and social justice. The Universities in India, however ,have to shoulder some additional responsibilities. They have to be conscience to the nation, develop programme for adult education assist in improving schools, and try to bring back the center of gravity of academic life within the country.

The university system has to lay stress on and pursue four important elements, they are(i)Excellence(ii) Modernization(iii)Interaction, and (iv) Self-reliance. These are all inter-related. True pursuit of excellence in all spheres of activities of a university will help imbibing and nurturing in the university life. The qualities of humanism, tolerance, reason and adventure of ideas, search of truth and thereby help for leading humanity towards even higher objectives. Modernization in terms of courses, facilities, evaluation methods and faculty up gradation will turn enrich teaching, research, examination system and extension activities. Modernization equips better the university to play its role effectively. Interaction and inter-dependence are well recognized concepts in the present day global situation. Universities are no exception to this. They should come out of their ivory towers concept and interact with outside world viz .the society , the Government, sister institutions, industrial organization and the world. Through interaction, the university excellence should be shared for national development.

Autonomy in the true sense should be the privilege of the University system so as to enable it to respond with full vigor for fulfillment of its objectives and goal. Academic autonomy relation to offering courses, evolving evaluation methods, teaching research and extension activities is available. Financial autonomy is vital for continuation of universities as centers for excellence and need of the hour is to initiate steps for fund generation and reduce its dependence on the Government to the extent possible, thus paving the way towards self-reliance.

Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University (YCMOU),was established in 1989.In its search for imparting quality education through Distance Mode, it is trying to create a distinct identity in the Indian Open Education System. The YCMOU is the 5th Open University in India, and the fourth one at the state level with its goal of becoming a ‘Mass Varsity’. It emphasizes on vocational, technical, professional as well as general educational programmes and its approach towards fostering a new work culture and developmental linkage. The university has set out to create an identity on the national educational scene. The university is trying to develop such management practices that will help it to become efficient, economical(cost-effective) and accountable at each level.

YCMOU runs more than 177 programmes through Distance mode. It has developed more than 1500 books, more than 342 Adios and more than 350 videos on various subjects. It has achieved Award Of Excellence for Institutional Achievement. in Distance Learning from the Common Wealth of Learning, Canada(2002). It is listed among the Mega Open Universities in the World (2005). It has many International Collaborations and some are now in pipeline. They are: Common Wealth of Learning, Canada; Commonwealth Secretarial London, Brock University, Canada, Athabascan University, Canada, Wawasan Open University, Malaysia, the Chartered Management Institute of London, UK and International Food Policy Research Institute for the Global Open Food and Agriculture University, U. S. A. etc.

The researcher is working in YCMOU since February 1992. Holding on many positions , he has witnessed university activities closely. The personnel working at YCMOU has carried out many responsibilities. They used to carry on any responsibility they are shouldered upon. There are various types of activities carried out in a distance education set up like planning of programmes, development of instructional materials, production of instructional materials, delivery of materials and services like counseling, assessment etc, evaluation of products, processes and services ,maintenance of revision of instructional programmes and administration type work, etc.

When one considers about the job satisfaction on the grounds like good infrastructures, good garden, good working environment, it also depends upon the status & recognition, sex, age and experience and the qualifications that contribute for having the job satisfaction. Ones attitude towards the job and personal involvement in the job also affects the satisfaction in the job. Organizational Climate and personality characteristics also play a major role in influencing the job satisfaction of any employee.

Working condition is the major contributor for job satisfaction. But all types of work condition are neither fully satisfying nor dissatisfying, Job satisfaction definitely promotes happiness, success and efficiency in one’s professional activity wherein the organizational climate helps in developing a happy and congenial interactions among the employees & management.

Job satisfaction can be an important indicator of how employees feel about their jobs and a predictor of work behaviors such as organizational citizenship, absenteeism and turnover. Further job satisfaction can partially mediate the relationship of personality variables and deviant work behaviors .It seems satisfaction and job performance are directly related to one another. There are many researches published on job satisfaction which confirms this statement. Therefore it is necessary to study about the job satisfaction of the employees in YCMOU

Rationale Behind the Study :

Satisfaction pertaining to the job leads the employee to perform well. Employees working in YCMOU are performing their task without any hesitation. But whether they are satisfied with their jobs are not be testified with the research. Therefore the research in this regard is proposed to carry on.

Statement of the Research Problem:

A Study of job satisfaction of the Employees in YCMOU

Objectives of the Research:

1.To study the job satisfaction , of the academic staff of the employees

working in YCMOU.

2. To study the job satisfaction of the non-academic staff working as

class I employees in YCMOU.

3. To study the job satisfaction of the non-academic staff working as

class II employees in YCMOU.

4.To study the job satisfaction of the non-academic staff working as

class III Employees in YCMOU.

5.To study the job satisfaction of the non-academic staff working as

class IV employees in YCMOU.

6.To study the overall general job satisfaction of the non-academic

employees working in YCMOU

7.To study the overall general job satisfaction of the employees

working in YCMOU

8.To make general remarks pertaining to job satisfaction of the

employees of YCMOU comparing academic staff and each

category level of non-academic staff of YCMOU

Review of Related Literature and Researches

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103 Ara, Hasreen (1986) A Study of Principals Leadership Behaviour in Relation of Teachers Self Concept, Job Satisfaction and Some Other Institutional Characteristics at Secondary Schools Level, Research in Educational Management Abstracts, 1207, 1070, (In) Buch M. B. (Ed), Fourth Survey of Research in Education (1983-88) Volume-2, NCERT, New Delhi.

Methodology

The research in hand was related to present situation. Therefore the researcher had used the Descriptive Survey Method.

He had used Standardized Questionnaire (S.Q.) developed by Cooper , for measuring the General Satisfaction of the employees, as a tool for collecting the data. Though it was a Standardized Questionnaire , the researcher took the expertise opinion from the Experts pertaining to it and made modification as per their suggestions. In the S.Q. point number 19, words were written abbreviated as w. r. but the expert suggested it should be written in a full form.

S.Q. was included 22 statements following six circles given between High Satisfaction and Low Satisfaction. It was as six point questionnaire. After the discussion with the Experts, it was decided that six point should be defined six grades as given below with their value..

GRADE RANGE WEIGHT AGE REMARKS

E 0-19 1 Lowest Satisfaction

D 20-39 2 Lower Satisfaction

C 40-49 3 Low Satisfaction

B 50-59 4 Satisfactory Satisfaction

A 60-74 5 Higher Satisfaction

O +75 6 Highest Satisfaction

When the responses were gathered, every responses were weighted

as was scheduled above .

YCMOU had then 36 academics and 275 non-academic staff and thus 311 employees were working in YCMOU. Out of this target group near about 25% sampling i.e. 80 only was taken for the research:

Samples had been selected randomly as per the availability of the

employees. Stratified Random Sampling method was used for the research.

Employees were chosen from academic staff and also from non-academic

staff and from each category as given below.

_ Academic . Non-academic

Reader Lecturer Total . class I class II class III class IV Total

Population 8 6 22 36 72 18 155 30 275

Sampling 2 2 6 10 20 5 40 5 70

(Near About 25%)

In all 10+70=80 Sampling size.

CONCLUSION:

Objective No.1:

About the Job Satisfaction of the Academic Staff of YCMOU.

Conclusion :

1. Job satisfaction of the Academic Staff was found ‘A’ Grade Satisfaction (62.42%)

2. Factor/variable wise job satisfaction in grades of the Academic Staff is given below.

Circulars & Communication

Interactions

Importance to our efforts

Task

Motivation

Opportunities

Safety of Service

University Objectives & Participation

Supervision

Change and Its Process

Working Method

Individual Progress

Procedure of Redress of Complaints

Scope of work for progress

Participation in Decisions

Utilization of the Capacity /Ability

About Freedom & Elasticity

Freedom & Elasticity

Atmosphere

Salary

University Structure

Quality of the work given to the Employee

About the Total Work

Objectives No.2:

About the Job Satisfaction of the Class I Employees in YCMOU.

Conclusion :

Job satisfaction of the Class I Staff was found ‘A’ Grade Satisfaction (68.64%) Factor/variable wise job satisfaction in grades of the Class I

Employees is given below.

Circulars & Communication

Interactions

Importance to our efforts

Task

Motivation

Opportunities

Safety of Service

University Objectives & Participation

Supervision

Change and Its Process

Working Method

Individual Progress

Procedure of Redress of Complaints

Scope of work for progress

Participation in Decisions

Utilization of the Capacity /Ability

About Freedom & Elasticity

Freedom & Elasticity

Atmosphere

Salary

University Structure

Quality of the work given to the Employee

About the Total Work

Objectives No.3:

About the Job Satisfaction of the Class II Employees in YCMOU.

Conclusion :

Job satisfaction of the Class II Employees was found ‘A’ Grade Satisfaction (68.78%) Factor/variable wise job satisfaction in grades of the Class II employees is given below.

Circulars & Communication

Interactions

Importance to our efforts

Task

Motivation

Opportunities

Safety of Service

University Objectives & Participation

Supervision

Change and Its Process

Working Method

Individual Progress

Procedure of Redress of Complaints

Scope of work for progress

Participation in Decisions

Utilization of the Capacity /Ability

About Freedom & Elasticity

Freedom & Elasticity

Atmosphere

Salary

University Structure

Quality of the work given to the Employee

About the Total Work

Objectives No.4:

About the Job Satisfaction of the Class III Employees in YCMOU.

Conclusion :

Job satisfaction of Class III Staff was found ‘A’ Grade Satisfaction (63.98%)

2.Factor/variable wise job satisfaction in grades of the Class III

Employees is given below.

Circulars & Communication

Interactions

Importance to our efforts

Task

Motivation

Opportunities

Safety of Service

University Objectives & Participation

Supervision

Change and Its Process

Working Method

Individual Progress

Procedure of Redress of Complaints

Scope of work for progress

Participation in Decisions

Utilization of the Capacity /Ability

About Freedom & Elasticity

Freedom & Elasticity

Atmosphere

Salary

University Structure

Quality of the work given to the Employee

About the Total Work

Objectives No.5:

About the Job Satisfaction of the Class IV Employees in YCMOU.

Conclusion :

1.Job Satisfaction of the Class IV employees was found ‘A’ Grade Satisfaction (67.27%)

Factor/variable wise job satisfaction in grades of the Class IV employees is given below.

Circulars & Communication

Interactions

Importance to our efforts

Task

Motivation

Opportunities

Safety of Service

University Objectives & Participation

Supervision

Change and Its Process

Working Method

Individual Progress

Procedure of Redress of Complaints

Scope of work for progress

Participation in Decisions

Utilization of the Capacity /Ability

About Freedom & Elasticity

Freedom & Elasticity

Atmosphere

Salary

University Structure

Quality of the work given to the Employee

About the Total Work

Objectives No.6:

About Overall General Job Satisfaction of the Non-academic Staff in YCMOU.

Conclusion :

1.Job satisfaction of the Non academic Staff of YCMOU was found ‘A’ Grade Satisfaction (65.78%)

2.Factor/variable wise job satisfaction in grades of the Non academic Staff of YCMOU is given below.

Circulars & Communication

Interactions

Importance to our efforts

Task

Motivation

Opportunities

Safety of Service

University Objectives & Participation

Supervision

Change and Its Process

Working Method

Individual Progress

Procedure of Redress of Complaints

Scope of work for progress

Participation in Decisions

Utilization of the Capacity /Ability

About Freedom & Elasticity

Freedom & Elasticity

Atmosphere

Salary

University Structure

Quality of the work given to the Employee

About the Total Work

Objectives No.7:

About Overall General Job Satisfaction of all the employees working in YCMOU

Conclusion :

1. Overall General Job Satisfaction of all sort of employees of YCMOU was found ‘A’ Grade Satisfaction (64.80%) 2.Factor/variable wise job satisfaction in grades of all the employees working in YCMOU is given below.

Circulars & Communication

Interactions

Importance to our efforts

Task

Motivation

Opportunities

Safety of Service

University Objectives & Participation

Supervision

Change and Its Process

Working Method

Individual Progress

Procedure of Redress of Complaints

Scope of work for progress

Participation in Decisions

Utilization of the Capacity /Ability

About Freedom & Elasticity

Freedom & Elasticity

Atmosphere

Salary

University Structure

Quality of the work given to the Employee

About the Total Work

Objectives No.8:

To make general remarks pertaining to job satisfaction of the employees of YCMOU comparing academic staff and each category level of non-academic staff of YCMOU.

Conclusion :

Overall Job Satisfaction of YCMOU , Non academic staff (65.78%)was more satisfied than those of Academic staff(62.42). And in Non academic Staff, Class II employees (68.78%) were more satisfied than those of other classes. (Class I was 68.64%,Class III was 63.98% and Class IV was 67.27%)

Home Care Plus: Home Care Company In Ireland

admin — Fri, 25 Feb 2011 16:10:30 +0000

Home Care Plus

Home Care Plus is a dynamic private home care company providing care in the home to all age groups, to the highest possible standards. Numerous international studies have shown that people prefer to stay in their own home for as long as possible.

Home care is an alternative to nursing home care and hospital care in certain circumstances and it enables people to remain independent longer than would otherwise be possible and to continue enjoying life and contributing to society in a positive manner. Home Care Plus helps you or a loved one, to remain independent in their own home amongst neighbors and friends. Whether you need care for just a few hours a day or 24-Hr live in care, Home Care Plus can help. Home Care Plus aims to be Irelands premier source for trusted care at home.

Why Home Care plus?

Home Care Plus Professionals feels the single most important element of quality caring is the carer themselves. All carers are Garda vetted and also provide 3 professional references which have been fully validated. They receive an extensive induction course where they are brought through home care ethos and structure. They are also fully instructed on policies and procedures as well as receiving training in areas such as manual handling, basic first aid and food hygiene.

Depending on the needs of their clients, carers also get other specific training in areas such as dementia care, palliative care and rehabilitation care. Home Care Plus pride on equipping their carers to carry their tasks to the best of their ability in a caring compassionate manner.

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Dementia Care by Home Care Plus:

Successfully caring for a person with dementia involves good communication that boosts self-esteem, positive physical contact, creative thinking that encourages the person’s existing skills, maintaining positive attitudes, and rekindling the spark of life in both you as the supportive partner and in people with dementia. Home Care Plus can help you by providing one on one care for dementia sufferers.

Home Care Plus Carers can help you in following ways

To make sure the home is a safe environment for the person
To create activities to stimulate the mind and make the most of remaining abilities
To understand and deal with changing behavior
To stimulate social interaction
To manage daily activities
To help maintain good nutrition

So if you are looking for a company for your elderly, I suggest is the perfect selection.

Organizations For Emergency Room Nurses

admin — Fri, 25 Feb 2011 12:37:31 +0000

Emergency nursing cares for individuals of all ages in critical condition of their illness or injury without preliminary diagnosis. It encompasses all ages and medical specialties. Preventive care education and injury prevention is becoming a larger role for emergency nurses.

According to Kristine M. Alpi, the Associate Library Director Samuel J. Wood Library and C. V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, emergency nursing is one of the fastest growing specialties in the nursing profession. In 2000, there was a whooping 95,000 registered nurses employed in the United States alone. With this large number of emergency room nurses there is a need for an organization that will gather and look after these medical professionals.

In the United States, the primary organization for emergency nurses is the Emergency Nurses Association (ENA). In 1970, Anita Door launched the Emergency Room Nurses Organization in Buffalo, New York. Another organization was formed by Judith Kelleher, the Emergency Department Nurses Association in California. These two groups merged in December 1, 1970 to become the emergency Department Nurses Association. It was renamed ENA in 1983.

In 1972, the Royal College of Nursing in the United Kingdom established an accident and emergency nursing group, which became the Accident and Emergency Nursing Association in 1990. The first international emergency nursing congress was held in 1985 in London.

In Hong Kong, emergency nurses can join the Hong Kong Society of Emergency Medicine as members. There are some countries that do not have an organization specifically for emergency nurses but allow E.R. nurses to become members of other organization focused on emergency work.

The following are several international organizations of emergency nurses:

• Belgium: Association Francophone des Infirmier(e)s d’Urgence

• Canada: national Emergency Nurses Affiliation , Inc. (NENA)

• Denmark: Danish Association of Accident and Emergency Nursing

• Italy: Nurses of Emergency (NOE)

• Malta: Malta Emergency Nurses Association

• Mexico: Mexican Association of Emergency Nurses

• Netherlands: Dutch Association of Accident & Emergency Nurses

• New Zealand: College of Emergency Nurses New Zealand

• Spain: Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria de Urgencias

• Sweden: Swedish Association of Trauma Nurses

Emergency nursing organizations are very important in advancing the rights of the emergency health workers. ENA has been actively campaigning in educating the public about the violence emergency health workers are experiencing while they are in duty. ENA even has a statement regarding partner and family violence which leads to several cases of emergency patients victim of this kind of violence.

E.R. nurses joining these organizations will definitely benefit from them. These organizations would readily provide publication where there will be updates about medical technologies and procedures that will further educate our nurses. These organization also provide courses, training and education programs, even certification programs for the improvement of the organizational members.

Professional organizations, like the emergency nursing organization, provide a venue for nurses to learn and associate with their peers, mentors and nursing leaders. An emergency nursing organization membership can lead to increased awareness of nursing issues and support for collective actions among nurses. Learning, developing and improving is a life time process. Emergency nursing organizations offer nurses to improve and see their nursing career and future.

Organizations are formed to protect, defend, and advance a certain group’s advocacy or welfare. For emergency nurses, it is fortunate for them to have an organization that is not only geared towards improving their performance in the medical profession but build and safeguard their medical community as well.